Problems Concerning the Manuscript Sources, Structure, and Content of Hashmat Bukhari’s Divan

Eshonqulov Ilhom Abdusalomovich

Authors

Eshonqulov Ilhom Abdusalomovich Associate Professor (PhD) of the Department of Tajik Philology and Oriental Languages, Termez State University

Keywords:

Mirsiddiqkhan Hashmat Bukhari, Devoni Ghazaliyot, Tajik literature, manuscript studies, textual analysis, Persian poetry, Indian style (Sabk-i Hindi), Bedil school, Sufi literature, literary heritage, ghazal poetry, source studies, comparative literary analysis, nineteenth-century literature, artistic imagery

Abstract

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the manuscript sources, structural composition, and textual features of “Devoni Ghazaliyot” by Mirsiddiqkhan Hashmat Bukhari, one of the prominent representatives of 19th-century Tajik literature. The study examines the author’s creative legacy in Persian, Arabic, and Turkic languages, his representation in biographical anthologies (tazkiras) and poetic collections (bayāz), as well as his position within the literary milieu, employing source studies and comparative literary analysis methodologies. The article further substantiates the connection between Hashmat’s oeuvre and the Indian style (the Bedil school), highlighting the predominance of symbolism, subtle expression, mystical content, and Sufi-oriented perspectives in his artistic thinking. It also demonstrates, through textual examples, that the poet composed works in various genres, including the ghazal, qasida, mukhammas, rubai, and others, with particular emphasis on his innovative semantic approaches and extensive use of artistic imagery in the ghazal genre. The findings indicate that Hashmat’s literary output is significant not only from an aesthetic and literary standpoint but also in terms of its historical and social content. He is characterized as a poet who reflected the socio-political issues of his time, criticized courtly environments, and inclined toward Enlightenment ideas. Based on manuscript sources, the article proposes new approaches to the scholarly study of Hashmat’s “Devoni Ghazaliyot.”.

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