Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture

Phonetic Principles in The Formation and Nomination of Trade Names

Zamira Madrimova Ganiy qizi — Sun, 02 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the importance of the phonetic principle for the formation and nomination of the food product name and trademark with a material on Uzbek language. It employs contemporary theories of pragmatonymy and chrematonomastics to iteratively examine the phonetic properties of food brand names on sound structure, audibility, tempo and phono-semantic congruence The research underscores the role of sound symbolism, analyzing occurrences of assonance and dissonance in influencing the memorability of brands and how they are perceived by potential buyers. One gap in knowledge this article addresses is the few studies on phonetics of food brand names in the Uzbek language, whereas, quite the opposite exists regarding English food brands. This article does a great job covering the main phonetic principles for successful naming involving pronunciation ease, stress, and sound symbolism. This article is methodologically descriptive-analytical, structural-linguistic and quantitative in its analysis of more than 150 food brand names in the Republic of Uzbekistan. These findings suggest that brand names that follow certain phonetic shapes and sounds to help better align to consumers and increase brand recognition. The above study is significant to consumer behavior literature because it combines the previously unconnected fields of phonetics and consumer psychology/culture. It also generates several implications for marketers and linguists. For marketers, the study can inform better branding strategies and ways of creating more impactful brand names on the Uzbek market. For linguists, the main implication is that not all phonetic principles have universal psycholinguistic effects: thus, more research is needed on the constructs’ cross-linguistic comparison and the impact of phonetic principles on global brand perception.

Harobotiy's Enlightened Words

Yusupov Adham Akhadovich — Tue, 04 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research explores the intellectual, philosophical, and mystical legacy of Mavlono Kharoboti, a prominent 17th-century Uzbek thinker, poet, and Sufi scholar from Tashkent. The study examines his major works Kulliyot, Masnaviyi Kharobotiy, and Risolayi Faqriyya which collectively reflect his deep engagement with Islamic jurisprudence, Sufi ethics, and philosophical reasoning. The article employs textual, historical, and comparative analysis to explore the synthesis of rational and mystical thought in Kharoboti’s writings. The research underscores his contribution to the development of Uzbek classical literature and Islamic philosophy. The result display that Kharoboti considered knowledge ( ‘ilm ) and moral perfection ( ihsan ) to be inseparable ways to spiritual enlightenment. The author’s interpretation of the Sufi path is based on a higher degree of soul purification, the search for godly love, and a holistic synthesis of intellect and faith. The work likewise indicates his potential influence on further literary and spiritual traditions as Kharoboti successfully linked the Naqshbandi and Mevlevi ways. On the whole, the article concludes that his heritage is beyond poetry and mystics; it is a philosophical understanding of human ideal and moral obligations that lasts through the centuries. His enlightened sayings are still used today as a source of reflection on the unison of mind, passion, and spirit within the boundaries of Central Asian Islamic thought.

The Use of Possessive and Plural Suffixes in the Dialect of Ethnic Arabs in Ishtixon

Sadoqat Rajabova Rasul qizi — Wed, 05 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Uzbek dialects show enormous diversity in Central Asia, a homeland of many nationalities and the centre of ancient history. One of these is the dialect of the ethnic Arabs in the town of Ishtixon in the region of Samarkand, which possesses its own distinctive characteristics. It is characterized by aspects of Arabic linguistics mixed into the Uzbek language environment, especially in suffix systems for possession and plurality. Like other varieties, however, the Ishtixon Arab dialect has not been researched in detail and its possessive and plural suffixes which are сharacterised by deviations from standard Uzbek, has not been discussed. The purpose of this research is to study the features of the form, meaning and function of the possessive and plural suffixes in the Ishtixon Arab dialect, their phonetic and morphological features and the relationship of this dialect with literary Uzbek. The study argues that though the Ishtixon dialect has maintained some of the innovations found in their possessive and plural suffix systems including particular patterns of unique vowel harmony and consonant alternations these patterns also have some less regular features that appear to have originated locally and thus suggest resistance to certain innovations. These features set it apart from the literary Uzbek language. An illustrative case of this morphological development is provided by the suffix systems in the Ishtixon dialect, showing how Arabic influence and local Uzbek innovation interact in the dialect.

The Hadith That Laid the Foundation for the Arba'in Tradition

Gulrukh Mahamedova — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the Hadith that established the theological and ritual foundation for the Arabian tradition within Islamic culture. It explores how this Hadith evolved from a concise prophetic statement into a central component of Shi‘a religious consciousness and ritual expression. This research contextualizes the Hadith historically, spiritually and socioculturally, and examines its exegesis interpretations from classical and contemporary aqueduct. The study examines the interplay between prophecy, collective memory and ritual enactment via comparative textual analysis. Special focus is placed on how this Hadith went beyond textuality to become a performative teaching turning dhikr into a form of mandatory moral and theological duty. The results demonstrate that the Arabian ritual, based on this Hadith, constitute not only a remembrance of martyrdom and struggle, but also a symbolic practice of spiritual continuity and identity formation among Shi’as. The research finally proves that the compositional and symbolical aspects of the Hadith influenced and mainly impacted the Islamic ethics and the structures of collective faith.

A Comparative Analysis of Somatic Units in Devonu Lug‘otit Turk and Modern Uzbek Language

Feruza Rahmatova — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Somatic vocabulary forms one of the most ancient and universal layers of human language, reflecting how societies conceptualize the human body and its symbolic meanings. Mahmud al-Kashgari’s Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (11th century) serves as the earliest and mo[st comprehensive source for Turkic somatic lexicon, preserving numerous body-related terms that continue to exist, though transformed, in modern Turkic languages, particularly Uzbek. In spite of this significance of somatic lexemes in linguistic and cultural changes, comparative research studies focused on semantic and phonetic isomorphism of these lexemes from Old Turkic to modern Uzbek are rare. The study will examine 115 somatic lexemes from this 11th/12th century text (Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk), comparing them with modern forms in Uzbek to identify lexemes preserved or transformed, archaic or obsolete, and to explore patterns of linguistic continuity and change. The dissection of this type showed that some somatic units such as til (tongue), tish (tooth), ko‘z (eye) preserved their original forms and meanings, whereas others were phonetic shifting (e.g. baş → bosh, boğuz → bo‘g‘iz), archaic or obsolete due to narrowing content (see Semantics in the theory of linguistic signs in Feuda 1924) and cultural reasons. Here the work outlines a systematic classification of somatic lexemes that preserves the division between conservation and change in Uzbekistan tools, as well as their chronological development through the centuries. The findings contribute to historical lexicology and comparative Turkic linguistics, offering insights into how somatic vocabulary encapsulates both linguistic stability and cultural adaptation within the Turkic language continuum.

Sorting and Storing Search Results in The Uzbek Language Corpus. Lexical Search Parameters

Yuldashev Aziz Uyg’un O’g’li — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The advancement of corpus linguistics in Uzbekistan requires the establishment of efficient digital tools for linguistic data retrieval and analysis. Despite the creation of several electronic corpora, comprehensive studies on search mechanisms—specifically sorting, storing, and lexical filtering in the Uzbek language corpus—remain limited. Current corpus systems lack a detailed methodological framework for organizing search results, handling lexical parameters such as lemmas and morphemes, and ensuring user-friendly data export and management. This study aims to analyze and systematize search mechanisms for the Uzbek language corpus by focusing on sorting, storing, and lexical search parameters, and adapting international corpus practices to the morphological complexity of Uzbek. The insights gained through the findings also unveil how even the very data that is presented within some of these resources can be made even more meaningful and discoverable through combining alphabetical, frequency and metadata-based sorting with lemma- and morpheme-based search capabilities to improve search functionality as a whole. Moreover, exporting (CSV, XML, JSON) and history-saving functions make sure that the software will be usable in the long-term for research. The research presents a general model for combining computational and linguistic principles to increase the efficiency of corpus search and an adaptive model of dealing with agglutinative structures. The proposed system strengthens the methodological foundation of Uzbek corpus linguistics, facilitates corpus-based research and teaching, and supports the development of computational linguistics in Uzbekistan by transforming the Uzbek corpus into an interactive, analytical, and educational digital resource.

Methods of Using Educational Dictation in Developing Students' Speech

Sharipova Sarvinoz Sayid Qizi — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the study of types of educational dictations and methods for their effective use, the determination of their role in the development of students' written speech, and the development of methodological recommendations. The knowledge, skills and competencies that students should acquire in order to improve their written literacy in native language and literature classes include the following aspects: conscious mastery of spelling rules, creativity and clear, concise, short and understandable expression of thought.

Character System and Poetics in Uzbek and Turkish Folk Fairy Tales: a Comperative Analysis

Saydullayeva Aziza Ubaydullayevna — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fairy tales are a key history genre that both demonstrates how folklore serves as a vehicle for cultural values, social norms and moral lessons. They are an important vehicle for reflecting the collective imagination of a community. Drawing on conceptual frameworks developed by Vladimir Propp, E.M. Meletinsky, and other leading folklorists, this study analyses the character systems and poetic features of Uzbek and Turkish folk fairy tales. The study examines the character in such stories in terms of how they are used symbolically and narratively. Though motifs and archetypes in single traditions have been the focus of previous research, studies that comparatively link Uzbek and Turkish folk tales with a single Turkic focus are scarce. The goal of the paper is to find the types of characters, their functions in the narrative structure and poetic characteristics of these stories. It also aims to identify commonalties and differences in the culture exhibited between fairy tales of the two traditions. The study found that while the traditions have common archetypes of heroes, villains, and helpers, significant differences emerge shaped by cultural, historical, and religious influence. Gender roles and symbols like mountains and rivers feature deeper cultural significances. This aspect of the comparative study helps to gain knowledge on the universal features of fairytales within the cultural context. The actualities reflects on the persistent importance of folk fairy tales as instruments in developing cultural identity and provide meaningful indirect evidence of the ways myth is integrated with modern cultural narratives.

Autobiography and Autobiographical Work: Comparison and Analysis

Hamdamov Ulug‘bek Hasan o‘g‘li — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study of autobiography as a literary genre has long held significance in both world and Uzbek literary scholarship due to its dual function as an artistic and documentary form. In literary tradition, autobiography serves as a self-narrative in which the author not only records personal experiences but also interprets them through the lens of reflection, imagination, and moral evaluation. Historically, autobiography evolved from religious confessions and philosophical reflections into an independent genre that unites factual precision with artistic creativity. Despite extensive global research on the autobiographical genre, the distinction between autobiography as a literary form and as a documentary record has not been sufficiently analyzed in the context of Uzbek literature. This study aims to explore the theoretical essence, historical development, and artistic functions of autobiography, clarifying its boundaries with biography and works of autobiographical character. The analysis reveals that autobiography transforms factual life events into aesthetic and philosophical narratives, serving as a medium through which the author’s inner world and external reality converge. It reflects moral growth, self-analysis, and the author’s creative individuality, linking personal memory with cultural and historical consciousness. The study establishes autobiography as an autonomous literary genre grounded in realism, psychological introspection, and self-awareness, rather than mere documentary narration. The findings contribute to literary theory by demonstrating that autobiographical and semi-autobiographical works expand realism, enrich character psychology, and reinforce personal experience as a foundation of artistic creativity and humanistic expression.

Development of Social Competence in Students (Based on Vitagen Education)

Rasulova Hulkar Sadatovna — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The sphere of social competencies is needed for the socialization of students, aimed at their functioning in the social environment and personal and professional adaptation in the modern society, that is why the formation of these competencies is one of the key goals of education. One such approach that promises to enhance social competence is the one of vitagenic education that uses a person, aggregated through their life experience as an educational environmental object. However, although vitagenic education is theoretically significant, there are few studies on the specificities of vitagenic education in relation to social competence development in students. This article intends to study how it can be incorporated in vitagenic education in practice, it will strengthen the social skills of the students and aid in their development not just for academic growth but excellence in the fields of personal and professional life as well. It identifies approaches like role playing, debates, and group assignments that develop the social competence components of empathy, critical thought, teamwork, and reflection. The originality in this innovative work/research paper is the teacher education technology for vitagenic social competence development which has not been applied and no such previous studies have been found aiming at students day to day life for achieving skills which will help in personality and professional development in the social world. However, the broader pedagogical implications are that vitagenic principles should be integrated into university curricula across varied disciplines so that students thrive in the complexity of contemporary life and work.

The Image of Mother and Turan in Halima Khudoyberdieva’s Poetry: Artistic Expression and Spiritual Meaning

F. Khudoyqulova — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The poetry of Halima Khudoyberdieva holds a special place in Uzbek literature as a profound artistic reflection of national identity, spiritual awakening, and maternal devotion. Through the symbolic image of the Mother of Turan, Khudoyberdieva’s verses intertwine personal emotion with collective consciousness, expressing the ideals of courage, endurance, and moral purity that define the spiritual essence of the Uzbek people. Her works such as My Words Left on Earth, I Have Often Stood in My Homeland’s Courtyard, and Supplication portray the deep connection between motherhood, homeland, and national pride. Although her poetry has been widely appreciated, few studies have systematically analyzed the artistic and spiritual significance of the Mother and Turan imagery within the broader context of Turkic literary traditions. This study seeks to reveal the artistic, philosophical, and cultural meanings behind Khudoyberdieva’s use of maternal symbolism and to interpret how it serves as a metaphor for national revival and moral resilience. The analysis demonstrates that her poetic imagery transforms maternal love into a symbol of spiritual power, portraying the mother not only as a personal figure but as the moral heart of the nation. Her lyrical expression harmonizes emotional sensitivity with intellectual depth, representing unity, sacrifice, and awakening. The research presents an integrated literary and cultural interpretation of Khudoyberdieva’s poetic vision, linking motherhood to national identity. The findings contribute to understanding women’s voices in shaping Uzbekistan’s cultural consciousness and affirm Khudoyberdieva’s role as a moral and spiritual guide in modern Uzbek literature.

Interpretation of the Concept of Rindlik in the Works of Alisher Navoi

R. Khudoyberdiyeva — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of rindlik represents one of the most profound and philosophically rich ideas in classical Eastern and Sufi literature, symbolizing a state of spiritual freedom, moral integrity, and divine love. In the works of Alisher Navoi, particularly Mahbub ul-Qulub and Lison ut-Tayr, the poet reinterprets the image of the rind, transforming it from a figure associated with indulgence and carelessness into one embodying ascetic wisdom, ethical strength, and enlightenment. His depiction of rindlik reflects the fifteenth-century Timurid intellectual milieu and reveals his mastery in blending mysticism with poetic expression. Despite extensive studies on Navoi’s philosophical ideas, the artistic and moral dimensions of rindlik have not been comprehensively analyzed as a unifying ethical and aesthetic concept within his works. This study aims to explore the spiritual, moral, and artistic meaning of rindlik in Navoi’s writings and to interpret its symbolic function within the framework of Sufi philosophy and literary tradition. The analysis reveals that Navoi presents the rind as a seeker of divine truth, one who transcends worldly attachments through repentance, sincerity, and spiritual devotion. Figures such as Sheikh San‘on and Sayyid Hasan Ardasher exemplify this ideal. The research establishes rindlik as a key ethical-philosophical category that integrates mysticism, aesthetics, and humanism in Navoi’s worldview. The findings contribute to understanding Navoi’s role in redefining moral and spiritual ideals in Turkic literature, emphasizing that true freedom lies in the liberation of the soul through divine wisdom and moral perfection.

Translation of English Physiological State Verbs Into Uzbek

Sulton Normamatov — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Translation studies concentrate on the intricacies of translating meaning and the semantic and grammatical differences between languages. Two separate languages: English and Uzbek differ in every aspect including grammatical structure, order and even most importantly, physiological state verbs that play an essential role in languages as they directly concern the process of the human body. What makes this work different from others is the differentiation of physiological state verbs in English and Uzbek. These verbs are stative in nature in English but are very often expressed in the form of an action verb (with a dynamic meaning), adjective or noun in Uzbek, thereby revealing a difference between these two typologically different languages. Although the translation of these verbs has been discussed, the effect of the aspectual meaning of modal verbs on translation from English to Uzbek in different contexts and culture are still neglected. The subject of this study is to analyze the translation of English physiological state verbs into Uzbek in terms of semantic, grammatical, and pragma, the challenges of such model and related strategies for accurate reachability and natural sounding. Translation of physiological verbs differs considerably, according to the study. A lot of verbs either omitted or substituted, Semantically lose its meaning, resulting in a less fluent narrative in Uzbek. This study enhances comparative linguistics by supplementing the previous research focusing on physiological state verbs used in translations to explore their syntactic, semantic, and cultural divergencies. This emphasizes that translation can neither be strictly linguistic nor cultural. They emphasise that someone who knows the text must translate it, the translation does not have to be literal, but should be functional in order to preserve the emotional and literary depth of the work.

Mahmud Zamaxshariy’s Scientufic Heritage Study

Mukhamedkhodjayeva Sanobar Abdujalilovna — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article is a thorough review of the life and scientific heritage of the outstanding scholar of Khorezm Mahmud Zamakhshari. Zamakhshari, known by the title "Jorullah" (Neighbor of Allah), was an influential Islamic ethicists, lexicographers, and religious scientist, heavily influenced by his teacher Abu Muzar. His writings have left an enduring legacy across several scholarly domains, particularly ethics, philosophy, and literature. Zamakhshari's main education stations, which he followed in the intellectual style of that time, were Mecca, where he settled for about 15 years, and had the chance to study with eminent teachers such as Abu Bakr Yabiriy Andalusi, and Basra. One of them is al-Ghazali or more prominently known for his work, Navobigu-l-Kalim, which is a collection of aphorisms portraying moral studies, spiritual pathways, and human life reflections. While Zamakhshari's contributions were significant, the proper titles of many of his works, as well as exact relationship among some of his treatises are still under philological debate. This uncertainty has been the source of continuous academic dispute. The goal of this article is to clarify the title and attribution of Navobigu-l-Kalim, as well as to explore its philosophical and ethical significance. It also aims to delve into the controversies regarding other ethical writings credited to Zamakhshari. The final conclusion of the research is that although the title "Navobigu-l-Kalim" is the most famous title of the book, it has been introduced in the world with different names by different sources. It also validates the attribution of this work to Zamakhshari and discusses its impact on generations to come. Based on an analysis of both manuscript and scholarship, this article sheds new light on the intricacies of titling Zamakhshari's works. These findings are significant as they clarify Zamakhshari’s intellectual legacy and constitute an essential contribution to the study of Islamic ethics and Arabic literature, leading to proper attribution and analysis of Zamakhshari’s works in future scholarship.

The Importance and Significance of Women's Participation in Cultural Events in Social Development

Rasulova Shoira Azizovna — Mon, 10 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Women’s participation in cultural and educational activities serves as a vital factor in the spiritual, moral, and social development of society, reflecting their historical role as transmitters of national traditions and cultural values.This national policy is also «found» in the creative work of women of Uzbekistan, who are equally involved in cultural life (within the framework of strengthening family values, stimulating enlightenment, achieving gender equality, etc.), active creativity in the field of art, education, tangible and intangible heritage. While women´s efforts have been widely recognised, there has been little analysis of the contribution their participation in such cultural and educational events makes towards the construction of national identity and continuity and stability of society. As a result, the objective of our study lies in assessing the role of women in active participation in cultural events as an important factor in preserving national traditions, promoting social cohesion, and achieving gender balance in the cultural life of Uzbekistan for sustainable development. Research outcomes show that women play a pivotal role in the preservation of handicraft, arrangement of national festivals and youth education, apart from providing creativity and spiritual enlightenment. They are more than simply artists engaging with an audience; they are moral leaders, educators, and promoters of civic awareness. In this regard, the study presents an all-encompassing view, linking women participation in arts with socio-spiritual development and national heritage conservation. One of the essential conclusions of the research is that the integration of women into cultural life ensures not only the preservation of the cultural identity of Uzbekistan but also the highest degree of social harmony, equality between women and men, integral moral and aesthetic development of society.

Age and Platform Effects on Syntactic Complexity in Uzbek Social Media Discourse

Abdurayimova Durdona — Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the influence of age and communication platform on syntactic complexity in Uzbek social media discourse, focusing on Telegram and Facebook. Data were collected from 150 participants across five age groups, each contributing approximately 300 words, resulting in a 50,000-word corpus. Three syntactic indicators were looked at: the percentage of simple sentences, the proportion of compound sentences, and the average sentence length. Age and platform had an important effect on syntactic structure (p < 0.001), according to descriptive statistics, two-way Welch ANOVA, and Games–Howell post-hoc tests. Younger users preferred shorter, simpler constructions, while older users produced longer, more complex sentences. In comparison with Telegram users, Facebook users showed more syntactic elaboration. These findings highlight that syntactic variation reflects both cognitive maturity and platform-specific communication norms in Uzbek computer-mediated communication.

General Understanding of The Procedures for Applying The Naïve Bayes Classifier to Classify Topics

Narzillo Aloyev Raxmatilloyevich — Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Naive Bayes classifier is one of the first and most famous examples of a supervised machine learning algorithm based on the Bayes theorem. Naive Bayes is mainly used for text classification and based on the principles of probability, with certain assumptions that make it computationally efficient. The Naive Bayes classifier can be quite efficient, but assumptions like the conditional independence of features, which are often untrue, can lead to reduced performance in real-world applications. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the mechanisms behind the Naive Bayes classifier and to demonstrate the implementation of Naive Bayes in text classification. If we apply Naive Bayes in spam email filtering, the model calculates conditional, prior probabilities to predict if an email is spam or not. It talks about the use of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to compute the probabilities used in text classification along with some information on the use of confusion matrices to evaluate the performance of classifiers. These results indicate the importance of data preprocessing and addressing feature dependence in real-life applications of Naive Bayes and suggest meaningful avenues for improving its performance.

Al-Hasan Ibn Ali Al-Atrash Al-Alawi

Mohammed hussein Khalaf — Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to study the biography of Imam al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Atrash and his role in the Islamic East, as one of the prominent figures from the Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet's family) who contributed to spreading the faith and strengthening Islamic values. The importance of this topic stems from its shedding light on a significant aspect of the history of the Ahl al-Bayt, who were and remain a source of guidance for the Muslim community through their sacrifices for the sake of religion and the reform of society. The study examines the biography of Imam al-Atrash al-Alawi, whose name is associated with the city of Tabaristan, where he played an influential role in his religious and social environment. He is also considered a pivotal figure in the lineage of imams. His life was characterized by struggle and reform, making him a worthy model for scholarly research and academic analysis. The research relies on diverse historical sources, most notably: Al-Ansab by al-Sam'ani, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' by al-Dhahabi, Al-Muntazam fi Akhbar al-Umam wa al-Muluk by Ibn al-Jawzi, and Muruj al-Dhahab by al-Mas'udi, in addition to a collection of modern references and relevant university theses. This diversity of sources has allowed for the formation of a comprehensive view of Imam al-Atrash's personality and his place in Islamic history. The study concludes that Imam Hassan Al-Atroush represents an extension of the illustrious biography of the Prophet’s family, as he combined belonging to the noble Prophetic household with a practical role in spreading Islam and social reform, making him a prominent historical figure deserving of further specialized academic research.

Comparative Analysis of English Translations of Izofa-Based Toponyms in The Baburnama: The Case of Garden Names

Zaynieva Yulduz — Sat, 15 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Izafa Based Garden Names of Baburnama in English Translations: Looking into Some Major Tranlations from the English Translations of the Bokhari Background The aim of this study is to investigate izafa based garden names in the Baburnama throughout major english translations and to see what has been gained and what has been lost in that process. While this memoir of Babur is famous for matters of its history and culture, its toponyms are some of the least understood in aspects of language and poems. This chasm is also apparent in the translation of garden names, which not only have semantic value but also cultural meaning. The research is based on three significant English translations by J. Leyden & W. Erskine, Annette Beveridge, and W. Thackston. The methodology involves a comparative analysis concentrating on structural form, semantic equivalence, and the extent to which each translation captures the same poetical essence of the original Persian Tajik izafa construction. The examination reveals that transliterated forms similar to Bagh i Banafsha or Bagh i Shimal preserve the style of the original text, whereas complete translations such as Violet Garden or North Garden promise instant comprehension but lose cultural context. Other renderings, like Beveridge’s Bagh i bulandi or Thackston’s Bagh i Dulday, change meaning entirely and stand apart from the relationship of original intent. These results show that the translators determine how readers of English interpret the cultural and aesthetic complexities of the Baburnama. The paper concludes that the more faithfulness preserving of method, maintaining the balance of linguistic authenticity and semantic clarity. Such findings allow insights into translation studies and help us better understand Babur's cultural milieu.

Interpretation of Orphanhood in Modern Uzbek Stories

Norbaboyeva Matluba Toxirovna — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This scientific article analyzes the problems associated with the image of orphanhood in current Uzbek stories. In the stories, the plot of orphanhood, the motive of orphanhood, the theme of orphanhood, and the images of an orphan child are artistic studies. Additionally, the paper investigates the symbolic use of orphanhood as a narrative tool to comment on broader societal issues, such as poverty, family disintegration, and social alienation. The study also addresses the cultural significance of orphanhood in Uzbekistan, exploring how these stories shape public perceptions and inform the discourse on child welfare, education, and the role of the state in providing support for vulnerable populations. Through a close reading of selected works, the study offers insight into the evolving literary treatment of orphanhood in Uzbekistan and its reflection of contemporary social values.

Factors for Developing the Innovative and Entrepreneurial Potential of the Proprietor Class in the Context of Digital Transformation in Uzbekistan

Shaymanova Adiba Ergashevna — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the factors influencing the development of the innovative and entrepreneurial potential of the ownership class in the context of Uzbekistan’s digital transformation. It substantiates that the widespread adoption of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and information-communication systems enhances the economic activity, initiative, and competitiveness of property owners. The study also examines the impact of state-created digital infrastructure, the national innovation ecosystem, and startup support mechanisms on the activities of entrepreneurs and private owners. The research results aim to develop scientific and practical recommendations for fostering innovative thinking and an entrepreneurial environment within the digital economy of Uzbekistan.

Cultural Untranslatability of Endearment Terms in Shakespeare: The Cases of Ladybird and Nymph in Uzbek Translation

Khodjaeva Shoira Rustamovna — Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: This article explores the phenomenon of cultural untranslatability in rendering Shakespeare’s terms of endearment into Uzbek, focusing on “ladybird” in Romeo and Juliet and “nymph” in Hamlet. Although both words have lexical equivalents in Uzbek, their affective and stylistic nuances resist direct transfer. The study argues that the translation of such endearments goes beyond lexical substitution, involving complex interactions between cultural perception, emotional tone, and poetic imagery. Through a comparative analysis of existing Uzbek translations and their English originals, the research reveals how translators navigate the tension between semantic accuracy and emotional expressiveness. By highlighting the loss, adaptation, or transformation of tenderness embedded in these words, the article contributes to broader discussions on the limits of equivalence and the role of cultural context in artistic translation. Ultimately, it shows that in Shakespearean translation, meaning may survive, but the subtleties of affection often fade, inviting the translator to act not as a mediator, but as a re-creator of emotional resonance.

The Expression of Symbolic Meaning in Proverbs About Natural Phenomena

Muxammadaliyeva Shaxzoda Maxmud qizi — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

How Uzbek Proverb Symbolize the Images of Natural Phenomena at Winter, Summer, Rain, Hail, Downpour, Flood, Hurricane, Thunder: A Study. While plant-related symbolism has been explored by many linguistic studies, that of natural phenomena in proverbs is still understudied, alluding to a definite gap in knowledge. In this behalf, the research implements qualitative content analysis of proverbs to understand how certain natural phenomena are metaphorically associated with various human personality traits, social behaviours, emotional states and moral messages. Seasons such as winter and summer represent ethical oppositions, and rain, storm, and downpour communicate different levels of suffering or frustration in the findings. Tulips symbolize tenderness, and hail and flood hazard, or the especial hardships. For instance, from patience in adversity to valuing knowledge in youth can be articulated with these symbolic layers which are widely accepted among the communities through folklore style in brief. The findings show that the symbolic meanings associated with natural phenomena enhance the pragmatic and emotional effectiveness of proverbs, contributing to their relevance in everyday communication. This study suggests that social-functional image expression facilitates linguistic, cultural, and anthropological interpretations of Uzbek folklore, and offers a basis for a more effective use of proverbs in education, translation, and intercultural studies.

From Quatrains to Sonnets: The Structural Impact of Arabic Verse on English Forms

Omer Ahmed Dahham — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The cycle of exchange and influence between different literatures is a phenomenon that deserves a lot of investigation and study. In the past and the troubadour poets were influenced by the Arab poets through the cultural contact with the heritage and culture of Muslims in the eleventh century. The poem, the song or sonnet, which was started by the poet Giacomudi in the thirteenth century, is a poetic form that was influenced by troubadour poetry in its structure and content. Then it was developed by Dante and Petrarch in Italy in the fourteenth century, influenced by the troubadour poets. Thomas was the first to introduce the sonnet into English poetry in the sixteenth century, and then this poetic form became established with Shakespeare in the seventeenth century. The fact that Arabic poetry influenced the emergence of modern European poetry remained an indisputable issue for Western researchers for many centuries . This is what the well-known British orientalist Hamilton Gibb (1895-1971), professor of literature at the University of London (Institute of Oriental Studies), says. But in the middle of the nineteenth century, a revolution occurred in the position of European researchers in recognizing the reality of Arabic influences on European literature. This influence is what we proved in this paper.

Poetic Analysis of the Eye Symbol in Alisher Navoiy’s Lyric Poetry

Hamidullayeva Mahliyo — Wed, 03 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, a poetic analysis of the symbol of the “eye” one of the most frequently employed images in Alisher Navoiy’s poetry is presented. In particular, the study examines how Alisher Navoiy skillfully utilized the somatic image of the eye and its synonyms in the Uzbek language, as well as their Persian and Arabic equivalents, throughout his ghazal repertoire. It is demonstrated that Navoiy, through his masterful and refined artistic innovations, significantly contributed to the enrichment and elevation of the aesthetic value of the eye symbol in classical poetry.

The Depiction of Shayboniy Khan’s Personality in the Epic “Shayboniynoma”

Yusupova Sadoqat — Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the depiction of Shayboniy Khan in Muhammad Solih’s epic “Shayboniynoma.” The study explores how the author constructs the character of Shayboniy Khan through historical facts and literary interpretation. To provide a comprehensive understanding of Shayboniy Khan’s personality, the analysis also refers to the portrayal of other historical figures of the same era. Furthermore, the research highlights the artistic techniques employed by Muhammad Solih to merge historical authenticity with creative narrative, emphasizing the role of the epic in shaping cultural memory and historical consciousness.

The Artistic Expression of National Identity in the Works of Japanese Women Writers

Elyor Omonboyevich Matchanov — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the artistic representation of national identity in the works of Japanese women writers, focusing on the literary mechanisms through which cultural identity is constructed, interpreted, and expressed. This book examines the asexualism and gender in connection to contemporary Japanese women writers' negotiation of national tradition, cultural memory, and identity re-evaluation. The study uses narrative devices, symbolic imagery, character construction and poetic forms in studying how these writers express different dimensions of national identity. These findings further illustrate how literature by Japanese women provides depth, psychological sophistication, and cultural richness in narratives of identity formation that can contribute to broader dialogues regarding national identity in the modern Japanese literary landscape.

Scientific Conceptual Basis of the Concepts of Mentality and Social Mentality

Suyarkulova Guljakhon Zokirjon kizi — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study is to analyze the conceptual framework of mentality and the concept of social mentality and their historical development as well as its theoretical interpretations and the impact of mentality in a nation. Despite becoming a well-discussed topic in philosophy, anthropology, psychology and sociology, the scientific definition of mentality is still missing and this hampers the understanding of mentality as a dynamic socio-cultural phenomenon. Filling this void, the paper explores both traditional and more recent academic conceptions of mentality, cataloguing development from the foundations of Western philosophy through to contemporary cultural anthropology. The analysis draws upon a systematic review of conceptual sources, historical materials, and theoretical debates reported in literature. Mentality was first used in colonial and ethnographic contexts to describe the mindsets and cognitive processes of different populations, according to findings. This idea evolved from cultural cliches to include habitual mental models, value systems, and collective perceptions. The study demonstrates that mentality as such is a key component of the shaping of nations, especially so for the region of post-Soviet societies, where socio-political transformation has exacerbated an interest in the roots of cultural and psychological continuity. These findings illustrate that mentality is both a historical construct and an evolutionary adaptation shaped by cultural endowment, social institutions, and the changing political environments. Due also to its cross-disciplinary nature, it is a major tool of analysis of social transformation. This study suggests that the research on the temperament of the Uzbek national character should be performed in the order to reinforce democratic reforms, improve socio-cultural development and develop better a national development model. A better theoretical grasp of mentality will underpin sounder social policy, education, and identity-building.

Are Xorazmshoh and of Nayman's Qoraxoniylar Eastern Territory for The Struggle

Qozoqov Tohirjon Qodiraliyevich — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this article qoraxoniylar to be part of the eastern and western, the eastern state Qoraxoniylar be added to the composition of the Mongolian state the reasons for her the first time and historical research are made based on analysis of primary sources. The fergana valley, and east turkestan did not get land Or by pressing Mongolian, on the contrary, take the time to add in the way of peace, the soviet tarixshunoslik unreasonable in this regard is given in the data, most of them only give a proof based on scientific conclusions expectations quotes.

The Internet Language of Uzbekistan: Between Tradition and Innovation

M. Kh. Temirova — Sat, 13 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyses the characteristics of internet discourse in Uzbekistan in the context of digital transformation. Uzbek internet language is considered a hybrid system combining traditional linguistic norms and innovative digital practices. Particular attention is paid to the phenomena of code-switching, multimodality, and visualisation of communication. Using material from social networks (Instagram, Telegram, YouTube), the article shows how language mixing, the use of emojis, and graphic symbols change the structure of written speech and reflect the socio-cultural processes of modern Uzbekistan. In the context of rapid digital development, language is taking on new forms that reflect transformations in public consciousness and communication. Uzbekistan, located at the crossroads of cultures and languages, demonstrates a unique model of Internet language evolution, in which traditional norms and innovative trends collide. Internet discourse is shaped by multilingualism, youth subculture and cross-border communication, leading to the emergence of hybrid lexical and syntactic constructions. A distinctive feature of Internet communication in Uzbekistan is the parallel use of Uzbek, Russian and English, as well as the active introduction of the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets in a single text stream. According to research by the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (2022), more than 60% of social media users regularly mix languages in a single message, creating the phenomenon of code-switching, which is becoming common practice in online communication.

Phraseological Units in Folk Epics Methodological Description

Ahmedov Hakim Yarashevich — Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the fact that phraseological units serve both the linguistic expressiveness and the active representation of national culture and at the same time their methodological description is still poorly implemented in global and Uzbek linguistics. There are studies of both functional and stylistic features of phraseologisms in Uzbek linguistics, but still there is no methodological classification and analysis of phraseologisms in folk epic genres of Uzbek linguistics. The current focus of studies around isolated examples or artistic texts has evidenced the absence of continued principled systematic description at the world level of analysis, rendering unresolved semantic-pragmatic relation issues, stylistic variability, and connotation processes. The purpose of this study is to examine the methodological features of phraseological units in folk epics, based on the criteria of emotionality, expressiveness, figurativeness and structural complexity, to recommend their classification. It has been established that phraseological units have two meanings, expressive-evaluative and functional-stylistic; the structure of phraseological units is dominated by emotionality and expressiveness. The explicit specificity of means is specified in the connotation, relations between components, and stylistic coloring of the theoretical analysis of these means. The paper presents a systematic definition of methodological description, and highlights the anthropocentric and semantic-pragmatic dimensions of the field, while also questioning the traditional dependence on component analysis, by bringing in the connotative stylistic criterion. Formalising principles of classifying and interpreting phraseological units in Uzbek folk epics these insights provide important contributions to lexicographic and phraseographic practices, enriches development of linguistic theory, and is of relevance to educational applications.

The Influence of Islam on Uzbek Anthroponymy

Melibayeva Soxibaxon Adxammirza Qizi — Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article deals with the influence of Islam on Uzbek anthroponymy. By focusing on the syntactic, semantic and cultural properties of personal names, this article illustrates how Islamic ideasand Arabic-Persian linguistic items have penetrated in to the traditional Uzbek space. The paper uses three procedures of male name ergonymic element realization: the processes ad- dition with- -ullo/-ulla, -din and Islam; inclusion in the composition of Kyrgyz personal names onyms of religious calendrical holidays,- lunarcycles,- titlesof relatives. It also investigates the development and meaning changes in Turkic perception of honorific female titles’ (Bibi, Beka). The findings demonstrated that the anthroponymy of Uzbeks is not just a system of names, but also an ethnic history of Islamization, spiritual heritage and nation-building.

Effective Methods for Developing Listening Comprehension in Foreign Language Learning

Radjabova Dildora Karimberdiyevna — Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Listening comprehension is a core component of communicative competence in foreign language learning and plays a crucial role in successful language acquisition. Despite its importance, listening is often considered one of the most challenging skills for learners due to factors such as speech rate, unfamiliar vocabulary, and lack of contextual knowledge. In this article, some of the best practices that develop listening comprehension in FL learning are going to be explored. This research investigates modern pedagogical approaches (such as authentic materials, pre-listening exercise, task-based listening, and digital technologies) through a qualitative-analytical framework. These findings suggest that a systematic and learner-centered implementation not only significantly enhances listening comprehension skills but also enhances overall language proficiency.

Conceptual Foundations of Verb Typology in English and Uzbek Languages

Yodgorova Nozima Nodir Qizi — Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study is a comparison-typological analysis of the conceptualfrastructures of English and Uzbek verb typology. Through assessment of structural and semantic features, including morpho-syntactic complexity, transitivity, tense–aspect–mood, voice, and lexical aspect, the study finds both cross-linguistic tendencies and language-specific solutions in verbal realization. Results tell us that English, as an analytic language, relies on syntactic constructions and auxiliaries while Uzbek, as an agglutinative language, encodes grammatical categories morphologically through affixation. In shedding light on the relationship between typological features and grammatical expression, the results have important implications for theoretical linguistics, language pedagogy, and translation studies. An extension of this analysis would be to undertake a quantitative approach, as well as including more languages, which may unveil greater cross-linguistic regularities in the verb types used.

Linguocultural Analysis of Some Place Names (Toponyms) in Gafur Gulyam’s Story “Shum Bola”

Muhammadiyeva Madina Do‘smamat qizi — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the linguistic materials of Gafur Gulom’s story “Shum bola” - in particular, the linguocultural features of toponyms. It was assessed as an important source in reconstructing the historical and geographical landscape of the Tashkent oasis at the beginning of the 20th century. In the course of the research, the etymological composition of toponyms, their connection with the lifestyle of the people, the system of professions, traditions, and cultural memory are explained on a scientific basis. On the example of neighborhood names such as Kokterak, Chuvalachi, Qoplonbek, To'qli jallob, Eshonbozor, the linguocultural significance of toponyms in illuminating inter-social relations, craft centers, the trade system, and the urban structure of old Tashkent is revealed. The results of the article show the need to study the story “The Naughty Boy” not only as a literary work, but also as an ethnographic, historical, and onomastic source. The possibility of creating a historical dictionary of the toponymy of old Tashkent based on these toponymic units is substantiated as a scientific conclusion.

Verbal Realization of Connotation in Short Works

Muhabbat Matqurbanova — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research analyzes the verbal realization of connotation in the prose art of Abdullah Qodiriy, looking into the additional meaning and stylistic richness of the meaning through figurative meaning in semantic identification in the literary language. Although much research has been conducted in Uzbekistan on such universal issues as metaphor and meaning shift and association, there has been no systematicm within-the-text classification of connotative quotations employed in Qodiriy's short prose. Using a qualitative semantic and stylistic analysis based on the principles of the modern semasiological theory, the present research explores metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche as the major processes of meaning change. The results indicate that Qodiriy used iconic metaphors of human beings, animals, plants, and gods, in addition to metonymy and synecdoche associated with speech and emotion, to create multilayered connotative meanings. The implications show that linguistic metaphors are denotative in nature, while artistic metaphors are connotative in their role in augmentation of imagery, brevity, and affect. This study reveals the author has got an expertise on the design of meaning and a great use of figurative devices to compress meaning and enhance expressive power which brings significant implications for stylistics, literary semantics and general development of meaning in Uzbek literary text.

Emphasis and its Impact on Meaning Construction in Al-Jawahiri's Poetry

Muhammad Shukr Mahmoud Al-Ahbabi — Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One of the essential components of Arabic poetry, specifically in the poetry of Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri, revolves around the concept of emphasis which contributes to construction of meaning and beautification. This linguistic tool is a key feature of the image of the poet, both in psychological, emotive, and intellectual terms. The sensuous and emotive density of Al-Jawahiri's poetry over the course of almost sixty years is a function of his mastery of emphasis, realized through repetition – of words, phrases, and rhetorical devices. Focusing on its effect on the structure and content in his poetic works, this study analyzes the different ways he uses emphasis in his works. Reflecting the evidence of this phenomenon throughout al-Jawahiri's poetry, opening and closing verses, this exclusive function of emphasis has not been discussed in academic literature or defined the psychological and emotional effects of it in meaning-making. This study mainly seeks to shed light on the function of emphasis in al-Jawahiri's poetry in terms of what kind of role they surface in poetry, what kind of extra-linguistic meaning they are supposed to convey, and what new emotional and psychological dimensions they offer. The results of the study indicate the prevalence of verbal emphasis in al-Jawahiri's poetry and its psychological and emotional implications. This method serves to enhance the emotional and artistic appeal of his work, linking him to the reader. The research presents a detailed investigation into emphasis, and the way it acts as a key element in the emotional and intellectual construction pertaining to his poetics. The present study investigates a relatively less-studied but broad category of Arabic poetic texts: namely, modern Arabic poetry that is primarily written in free verse while still demonstrating an arresting use of linguistic devices that amplify semantic and aesthetic functionality.

Pragmatic Features of Word Order in French and Uzbek

Narzullaeva Dilfuza Bafoevna, Mukhammadova Rayhona Jasurbek Qizi — Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study considers the pragmatic functions of word order in French and Uzbek through a comparative linguistic approach. This study investigates the role of word order in information structure, communicative intention, and theme–rheme alignment in several typologically distinct languages. By comparative and descriptive, qualitative process-oriented methods, we analyze the syntactic patterns, pragmatic strategies, and discourse-level realizations in both languages. The results indicate that syntactically and prosodically encoded pragmatic meaning in French, with its rather fixed SVO word order, compared to Uzbek, with a free SOV structure, is primarily conveyed by means of word order variation. This has relevant consequences for the comparative linguistics, the translation studies, and for the foreign language pedagogy.

Interactive and Innovative Pedagogical Approaches to Developing Creative Competence in Pre-Service Teachers

Jamshid Xoliyorovich Nazarov — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Above all, in a globalization and digital transformation environment, national education systems depend more than ever on high-quality, creative, dynamic, professional, and effective teachers. The educational reforms currently in place in Uzbekistan emphasize modern pedagogical technologies and new approaches to instruction that are most especially relevant to preparing preservice teachers of pre-conscription primary education, the professional roles of which is not limited to the subject of knowledge and is expanded to helping students take initiatives, develop responsibility and approach work with a team spirit. While the policy intent exists, during the 4–5 years of the teacher training programs, there is still less systematic knowledge on what kinds of interactive, project-based and technology-enhanced pedagogies actually help this group develop creativity. The goal of this article is to analyze the approaches and methods of pedagogy that are able to provide high-quality formation of creative competence of future teachers of pre-conscription primary training. Project-based learning and interactive and problem-based methods are reported as conducive to independent thinking, creative reasoning, collaboration, and pedagogical reflection among participants. The research combines elements of ample interactive forms and up-to-date pedagogical technologies into a holistic scheme aimed at the professional training of teachers of primary education pre-conscription period. These findings imply that a systematic application of these approaches will not only strengthen the professionals´ competence but also his or her personal potentials for creativity, which in turn raises the overall quality of teacher education programs and the effectiveness of their graduates as teachers.

Language As A Means of Cultural Transmission

Arofat Erkinovna Nosirova — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the interrelationship between language and culture and the formation of linguoculturology as an independent field of modern linguistics. Culture is interpreted as a historically developed, multifaceted phenomenon encompassing material and spiritual values created by humanity, while language is viewed as both a reflection and a carrier of cultural experience. Drawing on the works of classical and modern scholars, the study highlights the role of language in preserving, transmitting, and shaping cultural identity. Special attention is given to the theoretical foundations of linguoculturology, its emergence at the intersection of linguistics and cultural studies, and its development through various scientific schools. The article also discusses the contributions of Western, Russian, and Uzbek linguists to the establishment and advancement of this discipline. The results demonstrate that linguoculturology focuses on the cultural semantics of linguistic units formed through the interaction of language and culture. The study underscores the significance of linguoculturological research for understanding national worldviews, communication behavior, and the continuity of cultural heritage.

Translation Problems of Complex Analytical Forms with Grammatical Meaning (Based on the English and Uzbek Languages)

Fazilat Mansur qizi Khudoyberdiyeva — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Since there exists a great typological difference between Uzbek and English, the forms of the analytical grammatical systems are complex and different, no wonder the translation of such grammatical forms will cause a lot of problems. The grammatical meaning in English is expressed largely by analytical (auxiliary, word order, function words) structures, while it is conveyed by agglutinative morphology (suffixation) in Uzbek. Although many contrastive studies have been conducted on basic lexical and simple syntactic distinctions, exhaustive contrastive research on complex analytical forms has not yet been presented in English Uzbek translation. This study fills this gap by looking at the transfer of grammatical meanings of tense, aspect, modality, and voice across these typologically different language systems. Employing a descriptive analytical method based on contrastive linguistics and translation theory, the research focuses on published English Uzbek translations of literary, academic and official texts. It is shown that English analytical constructions often use one construction to express multiple grammatical meanings that cannot be directly expressed structurally in Uzbek. Translators therefore resort to strategies of compensation: auxiliary verbs, adverbs of time and modality, contextual enlargement and syntactic shift in order to keep grammatical and pragmatic content. The findings affirm that formal equivalence does not lend itself to being achieved in a largely tangible sense and that functional equivalence is the foremost principle in the translation of success. Results of this study furthermore highlight the necessity for deep grammatical awareness and strategic flexibility of translators working between typologically distant languages. Such discrepancy has pedagogical consequences, since it indicates that translation training should address explicitly grammatical asymmetries and compensation mechanisms to enhance quality and accuracy of both directions.

New Strategic Directions for Ensuring Uzbekistan’s Economic Stability and Competitiveness: An Analysis of The “New Uzbekistan” and “Uzbekistan–2030” Programs

Sardorbek Akhadov Siddiq o‘g‘li — Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyses the institutional, technological and social aspects of the economic reforms implemented under the 'New Uzbekistan Development Strategy (2022–2026)' and the 'Uzbekistan–2030' programme of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientifically and theoretically, the paper is analyzing the mechanisms of creating a stable economy of the country through making the economy competitive and fitting in the world economy. It emphasizes mostly on economic liberalisation, building the private sector, enhancing the investment climate, streamlining the tax regime, advancing the digital economy and investing in human capital. The article also supports the effectiveness of the strategic reforms using the 2024 macroeconomic indicators as a reference, namely, a 6.5% growth in terms of GDP, a decrease in the growth rate of inflation to 9.4, and stable growth in the industrial and service sectors. Additionally, it analyses public–private partnerships, the principles of the 'green economy', the development of renewable energy sources, the digital government system and funds allocated to scientific research. According to the author, these strategies represent a conceptual model that will lead Uzbekistan towards an innovative, sustainable and inclusive economy. The aim is to increase the country’s GDP to 160 billion USD by 2030 and strengthen its competitiveness in the international arena.

The Representation of National Values in Erkin Samandar’s Novel “Sulton Jaloliddin”

Samandarova Nigora Erkinovna — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyses the representation of national values in the historical novel Sulton Jaloliddin by Erkin Samandar, focusing on portraying female characters as keepers of cultural traditions and moral values. The first goal of the project is to investigate by what means national values (patriotism, loyalty, spiritual tenacity, memory etc.) might be realised in the narrative line via female characters. The study employs a qualitative literary-analytic approach using textual analysis, character analysis, and certain features of comparative interpretation based on cultural and axiological theory. The analysis thus systematically explores the selected episodes and character representations to unveil the symbolic and ideological roles women play in the novel. The evidence shows that women are hardly portrayed as inactive historical characters in the stories, but instead as independent contributing protagonists of national consciousness, transmitting ethical norms or reinforcing a common consciousness and molding the moral personality development of primary male heroes. Their roles are also important in the novel's wider ideological paradigm of nationhood and resistance. Theoretically, the article contributes to power by providing a fresh standpoint on gendered images of national values in Uzbek historical fiction which lack sufficient treatment in extant literature. In so doing, it raises the level of debate in literary studies by incorporating both gender analysis and examination of national ideology. In addition, these findings could serve as a reference for scholars, educators and curriculum construction personnel involved in teaching national literature, cultural studies and value-orientation education to help foster historical consciousness and moral education of the younger generation. The study of this paper is restricted to only one literary work; hence, it is suggested that the future studies carry out comparative analyses for other historical novels dealing with similar themes and subjects in order to create a better ground for contextualizing the role of female characters as national story makers.

The Importance of Creating a Frequency Dictionary of Morphological Verb Forms in the Uzbek Language

Nasirdinova Oydinniso Dagarovna — Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Thus, a frequency compiled dicti onary of verb morphological forms in the Uzbek language is an important task in quantitative detecting the real,known frequency of usage of grammatical forms in real speech and the necessity of help for corpus-based linguistic investigation and language teaching. Verbs are among the most dynamic and complex grammatical classes, and the corpus-based linguostatistical analysis of absolute and relative frequencies, functional gradation, and iterative activity of inflectional forms denoting the functional styles in the “UzVerbCorpus” enable tracking their activity level across functional styles. So far, linguostatistical research on Uzbek has exclusively targeted lexicon and systematic morphostatistical research on verbs is still rare because of the agglutinative nature and structural complexity of Uzbek morphology. In our research we set out to create a methodological basis for the creation of frequency dictionaries of morphological forms of Uzbek verbs and to quantify their distribution in modern speech. This study shows the potential for morphostatistical analysis to be corpus-driven, emphasizes the core and peripheral nature of grammatical forms in terms of usage, and contributes graded data for grammar instruction and linguistic modelling. It is one of the pioneering 21^st century efforts to adapt frequency dictionary development for verb grammatical forms in Uzbek using some of the emergent grammar theory and corpus linguistics principles. These results help us to develop more effective grammar instruction, calibrate assessment against international standards such as CEFR, strengthen computational linguistic resources, and further functional grammar research with real world, usage-based data.

The Influence of The Media on The Development of The Uzbek Language

Urokova Zilola Salomovna Salomovna — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research study deals with mass media and its history in development of the Uzbek language at the globalisation age and the widespread communication through digital technology instantly. There is a direct relationship between the social changes and the development of language – as media become the primary means of transfer of extra literary standards, new vocabulary, speech culture. Yet lack of literary standard, particularly within the tackles to literary standards in digital and social media more broadly, remains a gap, somewhat especially unexplored, between the positive contribution of media in general to language modernization and the risks to literary practice. The paper is based on the qualitative analysis of audio visual, audio, printed and online media and social media by studying selected lexical, grammatical and stylistic features. The research results reveal that mass media play an important role in the popularization of Uzbek literary language, vocabulary enrichment, and propagation of terms of modern political, economic, and technological activities. However, simultaneously, the results are revealing of bad writing habits, such as typographical and stylistic errors, overly casual expressions, sloppy code-switching, and poor domain-specific convention, especially among on-line materials. If unattended, it can spoil the language culture negatively. The research concludes that although mass media invests greatly in the deepening the importance and practical value of the Uzbek language, this influence should be underpinned by firmer editorial accountability and language politics. Practical implications urge to develop linguistic regulatory power of the media institutions and to cultivate intentional and norm-based use of language to sustain the way of existence of the Uzbek language.

Using Pos-Tagging Tools in the Uzbek Language

Amirkulov Ma’rufjon Alikulovich — Sat, 24 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the challenges of automatic part-of-speech identification (PoS tagging) in the Uzbek language, existing approaches, and the possibilities of using practical tools. Due to the agglutinative nature of Uzbek, PoS tagging requires careful consideration of morphological analysis, contextual meaning, and variations in affixal forms. The paper discusses the effectiveness of rule-based and statistical PoS taggers, particularly those developed using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), as well as the advantages of the BBPOS system based on neural networks. In addition, the article demonstrates how morphological analysis results obtained through the uznatcorpora.uz platform provide a solid foundation for PoS tagging in Uzbek. The research findings highlight the necessity of creating PoS-tagged texts for an Uzbek–English parallel corpus and reveal the linguistic and practical value of such a corpus.

Physiological Representation of Psychological States in Murad Mansur’s Prose

Tursunova Sanobar — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper will examine the idea of physiological depiction as a plot technique used to describe psychological state in modern Uzbek fiction and of the works of Murad Mansur. In contrast to other psychological narration use, which is mostly based on an inner monologie and emotional cogitation, bodily responses, which include physical pain, exhaustion, trembling and bodily uneasiness, are frequently used in the prose to show the turmoil within. The paper holds that physiological imagery may be used as a mediator of the inner world of the character and the perception of the reader, increasing the presence of emotion and realism. Through close textual analysis, the article demonstrates how physiological expressions serve to deepen character psychology, construct narrative tension, and reflect broader existential and social concerns. The findings contribute to the understanding of modern Uzbek prose within the context of world literary processes and contemporary narrative techniques.

Metaphorical Representations of the Lexeme Honesty in English: A Cognitive and Discourse-Based Analysis

Khujaeva Umida Makhmudovna — Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Recent developments in linguistics have proposed that abstract moral concepts are themselves not seen as static lexical meanings that are deposited in our brains to be pulled out of dictionaries, but rather as constructs of the mind and discourse with metaphor being a vehicle in this process. As a core moral value in English, honesty is often conceptualized with embodied metaphorical domains such as transparency, lightness, straightness, cloudiness, openness, value, and cleanness. Where the more general metaphorical conceptualization of moral constructs are concerned, the lexeme honesty has received less systematic attention than other moral concepts either from a cognitive or discourse-oriented perspective, despite being factually important as a moral lexical item. The present study seeks to explore the main conceptual metaphor underlying the expressions of honesty in English and how such metaphors function semantically, pragmatically, and evaluatively in discourse as explained in two theoretical frameworks, conceptual metaphor theory and discourse analysis. This analysis shows that honesty metaphors are systematic rather than stylistic, as they form cohesive conceptual networks that structure moral judgment, credibility assessment, and trust negotiation across several levels of context and discourse type (i.e., everyday vs. institutional). The findings position honesty metaphors not only as rhetorical devices but also as cognitive-loaded tools that encapsulate community-based ideas of morality. These results offer insight into metaphoric studies and the semantics surrounding morality as they demonstrate ways in which abstract ethical meaning is not only linguistically encoded but also pragmatically mobilized, indicating the possibility of further discourse-based and cross-cultural investigations of moral concepts.

Interdisciplinary Relationship of The Work "Siroj Ul Muslimin"

Gulruh Kenjaboy Mirzo qizi — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The work "Sirojul-muslimin" alone serves as clear evidence that Hazrat Navoi, renowned as the sultan of poetry, also wrote extensively among the great scholars of the Islamic world. In the main part of the work, as Hazrat Alisher Navoi himself stated, he first addressed the interpretation of the principles of creed and Sharia. Here, the poet writes that Islamic law consists of two parts: creed and practice (Sharia), emphasizing that if the creed is not pure, the significance of practice will not be high. In this scientific work, we compare Alisher Navoi's "Siroj ul muslimin" with Imam A'zam Abu Hanifa Nu'man ibn Thabit al Kufi's (may Allah have mercy on him) work "Al Fiqh-ul Akbar" and Burhaniddin Marginani's work "Hidaya." This article highlights the issues presented in Alisher Navoi's work "Siroj ul-muslimin." The verses are interpreted and compared with authoritative doctrinal and jurisprudential sources.

Interpretation of Social Issues in Uzbek Short Stories of the Independence Era

Raimqulova Sohiba Bahromovna — Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Independence period Uzbek prose is a rebirth period of artistic thinking, among genres short prose by its nature is a live, express and intensive genre to response to socio-moral, spiritual changes swiftly. In this vein, writers gradually turned their focus away from the external event, and onto psychological processes, moral choice and the relation of the individual to society, using symbolism, metaphor and philosophical reflection as the primary aesthetic tools. Although a large number of literary works were produced, social issues had not been systematized in that how it looks through an artistic glass and transformed into more aesthetic meanings in a short stories of the independence era. Highlighting the figure and theme of the symbolic apparently the actual cases of change of social consciousness It is the target of this study is genre potential, symbolic thinking, and the performance of the literature in reflecting of changes that hath learnt of the social problems in the Uzbek short stories of the independence period. Independence-era short stories fulfil a social diagnostic and spiritual reflective function as condensed narratives and as metaphorical structures revealing crises that speak of value, moral responsibility, and existential choice. This study supports the idea that, in the form of no formal experiment other than one conducted within his aesthetic own decisions which compounds the philosophical content behind a social issue, symbolism and metaphor won out over a sociological framework. The results confirm the conceptual significance of the short story type in the processes of modern Uzbek literature and are theoretical materials for new researches on the processes of relation of social reality and artistic thought of national literature.

Fris Wörtle and His Work “Babur – The Tiger”

Kamolov Ikhtiyor Nigmatullaevich, Rakhmonov Sherzod Akhtamovich — Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article studies the work of one of the representatives of modern Western literature, Fries Wörtle, entitled “Babur – The Tiger”, from a scientific-theoretical and literary-analytical perspective. The work analyzes the artistic interpretation of the personality of the great statesman and commander Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, the features of his reflection in Western literature as a historical figure. The author’s coverage of the image of Babur as a symbol of courage, leadership, political wisdom and cultural heritage is the main focus of attention. The article analyzes Fries Wörtle’s approach to the historical-biographical genre, the harmony of fact and artistic texture, as well as the method of relying on Western and Eastern historical sources. In “Babur – The Tiger”, the reinterpretation of Babur’s personality for the modern reader, the coverage of his life and activities from the point of view of universal values, is based on important scientific conclusions. The article also focuses on the role of the image of Babur in world literature and its reception in Western literary thought. The results of this study have theoretical and practical significance for the fields of Babur studies, comparative literature, and the study of historical and biographical works, and can be a useful resource for students and researchers.